Soledad, ansiedad, depresión y adopción del rol del cuidador de personas con enfermedad crónica en San Gil, Colombia

Introducción: Los cuidadores de personas con enfermedad crónica adoptan un nuevo rol que puede implicar respuestas como ansiedad, depresión y soledad. Objetivo: Describir y correlacionar las variables de adopción del rol del cuidador, depresión, ansiedad y soledad en cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica en la provincia de Guanentina, en San Gil, Santander (Colombia), durante el año 2021. Método: Estudio descriptivo, analítico de corte transversal realizado con 112 cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedades crónicas. Se utilizó una ficha de caracterización y los instrumentos: Escala adopción del rol del cuidador ROL, escala de soledad de UCLA (University of California at Los Ángeles) y Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión HADS. Resultados: El perfil de los cuidadores fue predominantemente mujer; de 49 años en promedio; casadas, solteras o en unión libre; grado máximo de escolaridad bachiller; de ocupación hogar y nivel socioeconómico medio bajo y bajo. Se encontraron niveles altos de ansiedad en el 18,3 % de ellas, depresión en el 4,3 % y soledad en el 0,9 %, además, se evidenciaron niveles de adopción del rol del cuidador satisfactorios en el 100 %. Se encontró una correlación débil entre ansiedad, depresión y soledad y una correlación inversa entre estas variables con la adopción del rol del cuidador. De igual manera, se encontró una correlación directa entre la edad del paciente y los meses de diagnóstico con las horas de cuidado al día. Por último, se halló carácter predictivo de la ansiedad y la depresión sobre la adopción del rol, de la ansiedad y la adopción del rol sobre la depresión, y de la soledad y la depresión sobre la ansiedad. Conclusiones: los cuidadores tenían niveles de ansiedad, depresión y soledad normales que, al correlacionarse entre sí y con la adopción del rol del cuidador, validan la idea de que, si se interviene a los cuidadores en su trayectoria con orientaciones sobre su rol en cuanto a las labores, la organización y las respuestas se puede contribuir en la disminución de la ansiedad, depresión y soledad. Discusión: la correlación directa observada entre la soledad, depresión y ansiedad es coherente con lo reportado en estudios previos con cuidadores. Acorde con lo reportado por la literatura el desempeño satisfactorio del rol facilita los desenlaces en los cuidadores, en este caso, la moderación de la ansiedad, depresión y soledad.

Introduction: Caregivers of people with chronic disease adopt a new role that may involve responses such as anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Objective: To describe and correlate the variables of adoption of the role of caregiver, depression, anxiety and loneliness in family caregivers of people with chronic disease in the Guanentina province in San Gil, Santander (Colombia), during the year 2021. Methods: Descriptive study, cross-sectional analysis carried out with 112 family caregivers of people with chronic diseases. A characterization sheet and the ROL, UCLA and HADS instruments were used. Results: the profile of the caregivers was predominantly female and average age of 49 years; married, single or in civil union; maximum degree of high school education; of household occupation and low and low-middle socioeconomic level. High levels of anxiety were found in 18,3% of them, depression in 4,3% and loneliness in 0,9%, in addition, satisfactory levels of adoption of the caregiver role were evidenced in 100%. A weak correlation was found between anxiety, depression and loneliness and an inverse correlation between these variables with the adoption of the caregiver role. Similarly, a direct correlation was found between the patient's age and the months of diagnosis with the hours of care per day. Finally, anxiety and depression were found to be predictive of role adoption, of anxiety and role adoption on depression, and of loneliness and depression on anxiety. Conclusions: the caregivers had normal levels of anxiety, depression and loneliness that, when correlated with each other and with the adoption of the caregiver role, validate the idea that, if caregivers are intervened in their trajectory with guidance on their role in terms of the tasks, the organization and the answers can contribute in the reduction of anxiety, depression and loneliness. Discussion: The direct connection observed between loneliness, depression and anxiety is consistent with what has been reported in previous studies with caregivers. In accordance with what has been reported in the literature, satisfactory performance of the role facilitates the outcomes in caregivers, in this case, the moderation of anxiety, depression and loneliness.

Social-emotional issues among children with strabismus higher than among non-strabismus children in Western India

Purpose: Data on social?emotional aspects among children with strabismus in India are scanty. We compared the emotional symptoms (ES), loneliness and social dissatisfaction (LSD), and self?esteem (SE) and their associated risk factors among children with and without strabismus in India. Methods: A cross?sectional case–control study design was used to recruit 101 children with strabismus aged 8 to 18 years and a control group of 101 children that were age? and gender?matched. Interviews were performed using standardized scales to assess ES, LSD, and SE. Variations in the intensity of ES, LSD, and SE were assessed using multiple classification analysis (MCA). Results: A total of 202 children participated in the study. The mean ES, LSD, and SE scores were 3.4 (standard deviation [SD] 1.9), 48.4 (SD 3.2), and 22.1 (SD 3.8) for the strabismus group and 1.8 (SD 1.5), 33.3 (SD 3), and 31.3 (SD 2) for the non?strabismus group, respectively. Among the strabismus group, the highest levels of mean ES, LSD, and SE scores were observed among children facing problems in performing daily tasks. Amongst the non?strabismus group, children studying at the primary level and those facing neglect had the highest mean scores. In MCA, being affected with strabismus had the highest effect on the intensity of ES, LSD, and SE with a beta (?) value of 0.223 (P = 0.016), 0.922 (P < 0.001), and 0.853 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: A significantly high proportion of children with strabismus deal with elevated levels of ES, LSD problems, and low SE as compared with non?strabismus children, highlighting the need to address the poor social?emotional health of children

El sentimiento de soledad en la población adulta mayor participante en centros de día en Bogotá, Colombia

Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a las categorías de soledad en población adulta mayor en centros de día en Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y analítico para medir la soledad en personas mayores que participan en un centro de día de la ciudad de Bogotá, mediante la escala ESTE en personas mayores, entre noviembre de 2020 y junio de 2021. Para cumplir con el objetivo, se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo univariado, de tal forma que, para las variables cuantitativas, se empleó media con desviación estándar o mediana con rangos intercuartílicos, de acuerdo con los criterios de normalidad utilizando la prueba Shapiro Wilk, y para las variables categóricas, frecuencias absolutas y proporciones. El análisis bivariado se realizó con las pruebas t de Student y chi cuadrado (p < 0,05), lo cual contribuyó a la construcción de un modelo de regresión logística, con las variables con significancia estadística. Resultados: Se incluyeron 215 personas adultas mayores con promedio de edad de 70,5 años; 72 % correspondían al sexo femenino, 56,5 % tenían educación primaria, 38,6 % eran solteros y 67,4 % presentaban antecedente de enfermedad crónica no transmisible. Según la escala ESTE, en soledad familiar registraron nivel bajo (67 %); en soledad conyugal, entre nivel alto y medio (79 %); en soledad social, nivel alto y medio (51 %); en crisis de adaptación, nivel alto y medio (43 %). Se encontraron asociaciones en soledad conyugal con sexo femenino (p = 0,001), en soledad social con clase baja (p = 0,027) y en crisis de adaptación con clase baja (p = 0,024). Conclusiones: Los factores que se asocian al sentimiento de soledad en población adulta mayor participante en centros de día son, en la categoría de soledad conyugal, ser mujer, y, en soledad social y crisis de adaptación, pertenecer a clase baja.

Objective: To identify the factors associated with the categories of loneliness among the elderly population attending day care centers in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and methods: An analytical, cross-sectional and quantitative study was carried out to measure the loneliness among older people attending a day care center in the city of Bogotá between November 2020 and June 2021 using the ESTE scale. To meet the objective, a univariate descriptive statistical analysis was performed, such that, for the quantitative variables, the mean with standard deviation or median with interquartile ranges were used, in accordance with the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, and for the categorical variables, absolute frequencies and proportions were used. The bivariate analysis was conducted using Student's t-test and chi-square test (p < 0.05), which contributed to build a logistic regression model with statistically significant variables. Results: A total of 215 elderly people with a mean age of 70.5 years were included in the study: 72 % were females, 56.5 % had primary education, 38.6 % were single and 67.4 % had a history of chronic non-communicable disease. According to the ESTE scale, the study subjects showed a low level of family loneliness (67 %), a high and medium level of marital loneliness (79 %), a high and medium level of social loneliness (51 %) and a high and medium level of adaptation crisis (43 %). It was found that marital loneliness was associated with females (p = 0.001), social loneliness with lower class (p = 0.027) and adaptation crisis with lower class (p = 0.024). Conclusions: The factors associated with the feeling of loneliness among the elderly population attending day care centers are, in the marital loneliness category, being a woman and, in the social loneliness and adaptation crisis categories, belonging to the lower class.

Translation, adaptation, and reliability of a Social Frailty Scale for the Brazilian context: a methodological study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Frailty comprises three dimensions: physical, psychological, and social. It is established that social frailty is correlated with several variables, such as quality of life, depression, and loneliness. These findings reinforce the need to investigate and define predictors of social frailty. OBJECTIVE: To translate, culturally adapt, and assess the reliability of the HALFT scale for Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Methodological study conducted at Universidade Federal de São Carlos. METHODS: This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the HALFT scale from English to Brazilian Portuguese, for which the steps of translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, evaluation by an expert committee, pre-test, and test-retest were followed. RESULTS: Two independent translators translated the HALFT. The consensual version was established by merging the translations, which were back translated into English by a third translator. The expert committee comprised seven health professionals working in frailty and/or social fields of study. Only one item on the scale had a content validity index of less than one (0.85). The instrument was pre-tested with 35 older adults who considered it clear and understandable, with no suggestion of changes. The reliability analysis (reproducibility) of the adapted version of the HALFT with test-retest of the scale with 23 participants showed a Kappa index of 0.62, showing good agreement. CONCLUSION: The HALFT scale is translated and adapted for Brazil, and shows good reliability. However, it is necessary to conduct psychometric analysis of the instrument to provide normative data for this population.

Association of loneliness, social isolation, and daily cognitive function in Mexican older adults living in community during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic / Asociación del aislamiento social, soledad y la función cognitiva cotidiana en adultos mayores mexicanos de la comunidad durante la primera ola del COVID-19

Abstract Introduction Loneliness and social isolation are known risk factors for cognitive decline; their effect in older adults (OA) after COVID-19 lockdown is emerging. Objective To establish an association between loneliness and social isolation, with daily cognitive function in Mexican OA during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method Cross-sectional study, derived from the cohort "The impact of COVID 19 on well-being, cognition, and discrimination among older adults in the United States and Latin America", which included 308 OA recruited between March-August 2020 whose daily cognitive function were determined with the Everyday Cognition Scale (E-Cog) as dichotomized score (cut point: 1.31 for normal cognition). Loneliness and social isolation were binomial variables. Results The mean age was 65.4 ± 7.9 years, 75.7% were women. The mean continuous E-Cog score was 57.4 (SD = ± 19.1), 49.1% had a score < 1.31 (normal cognition), while 50.9% had a higher score (cognitive impairment). Eighty four percent of participants reported loneliness, 79.9% reported social isolation. Multivariate regression model showed a negative and statistically significant association between social isolation and loneliness and E-Cog, adjusted by age, sex and education level (β = -.046, 95% CI = [-.8, -.013], p = .007; β = -.16, 95% CI = [-.08, -.018], p = .003), and a positive association with subjective memory complaint (β = .81, 95% CI = [-.16, -.11], p = < .001). Discussion and conclusion These data suggest the need for increased vigilance of those who have loneliness and social isolation due to its potential deleterious effect on cognitive function.

Resumen Introducción La soledad y el aislamiento social son factores de riesgo conocidos para el deterioro cognitivo; su efecto en las personas mayores (PM) después del confinamiento por COVID-19 está emergiendo. Objetivo Establecer una asociación entre la soledad y el aislamiento social, con la función cognitiva diaria en PM mexicanas durante la primera ola de la pandemia por COVID-19. Método Estudio transversal derivado de la cohorte "The impact of COVID 19 on well-being, cognition, and discrimination among older adults in the United States and Latin America", incluyó 308 AM reclutados de marzo-agosto 2020, la función cognitiva diaria fue evaluada con Everyday Cognition Scale (E-Cog) con un punto de corte 1.31 (cognición normal); la soledad y el aislamiento social fueron variables binomiales. Resultados La media de edad fue 65.4 ± 7.9 años, 75.7% mujeres. E-Cog promedio fue 57.4 (DE = ± 19.1), 49.1 % tenía una puntuación < 1.31 (cognición normal), 50.9% > 1.31 (deterioro cognitivo). Ochenta y cuatro por ciento de los participantes reportaron soledad, 79.9% aislamiento social. El modelo de regresión multivariado mostró una asociación negativa y estadísticamente significativa entre aislamiento social y soledad con E-Cog (β = -.046, IC 95% = [-.8, -.013], p = .007; β = -.16, IC 95% = [-.08, -.018], p = .003), y una asociación positiva con queja de memoria subjetiva (β = .81, IC 95% = [-.16, -.11], p = < .001) ajustado a edad, sexo y escolaridad. Discusión y conclusión Estos datos sugieren la necesidad de una mayor vigilancia de quienes presentan soledad y aislamiento social debido a su potencial efecto deletéreo sobre la función cognitiva.

Reliability and validity of the 6-item UCLA Loneliness Scale(ULS-6)for application in adults / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the psychometric properties and applicability of the 6-item University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale (ULS-6) in adults.@*METHODS@#We conducted 2 surveys to assess the validity of different measurement scales and questionnaires. In Survey 1, a total of 1480 adults were measured using the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and the data were used for item analysis and assessment of the reliability, validity and measurement invariance. In Survey 2, UCLA Loneliness Scale was used for measurement in 652 college students, and the data were used for analysis of the criterion validity of ULS-6; 3 weeks later, 300 of the students were retested using ULS-6 to assess the retest reliability of the scale.@*RESULTS@#Item analysis suggested that the items in ULS-6 all had good discrimination power with discrimination indexes all above 0.775 (r=0.775-0.820, P < 0.001). Measuring only one dimension, ULS-6 had an internal consistency reliability of 0.891, a split-half reliability of 0.875, and a retest reliability of 0.726. The correlation coefficients of ULS-6 with ULS, ULS-8, PHQ-9 and PSSS were 0.882, 0.967, 0.528 and -0.532, respectively. The measurement invariances of ULS-6 across genders and age groups were all acceptable. Among the adult participants, the mean total score of ULS-6 was 12.97 ± 3.96; While only 20% of the adults had no loneliness, 80% of them exhibited varying degrees of loneliness, ranging from mild (39.6%) and moderate (25.7%) to intense (14.7%) feelings of loneliness.@*CONCLUSION@#The ULS-6 has good reliability, validity and applicability for measurement of loneliness in Chinese adults.

Basic psychological needs satisfaction and smartphone addiction among high school students： the mediating role of loneliness and social anxiety / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo investigate the mediating role of loneliness and social anxiety in the relationship between basic psychological needs satisfaction and smartphone addiction among high school students， and to provide references for the intervention to smartphone addiction for high school students. MethodsIn April 2022， a total of 14 666 high school students from 5 middle schools in a county of Sichuan Province were included by random sampling method. Basic Psychological Needs Scales （BPNS）， the UCLA Loneliness Scale-3 edition （UCLA-3）， Interaction Anxiousness Scale （IAS） and the Mobile Phone Addiction Index （MPAI） were used for cross-sectional investigation. Bootstrap method was used to analyze the mediating role of loneliness and social anxiety in the relationship between the basic psychological needs satisfaction and smartphone addiction. Results① In this study， 14 036 valid questionnaires were returned， and 1 752 （12.48%， 95% CI： 0.114~0.136） high school students were found to be addicted to smartphone phone. The BPNS score was negatively correlated with UCLA-3， IAS and MPAI scores （r=-0.771， -0.486， -0.417， P<0.01）. And MPAI score was positively correlated with IAS and UCLA-3 scores （r=0.403， 0.424， P<0.01）. IAS score was positively correlated with UCLA-3 score （r=0.458， P<0.01）. ②The degree of basic psychological needs satisfaction in high school students can directly negatively predict smartphone addiction （β=-0.383， P<0.05）， and can also indirectly affect smartphone addiction through loneliness and social anxiety （β=-0.130， P<0.05）. ③Loneliness （indirect effect value was -0.145） and social anxiety （indirect effect value was -0.074） partially mediate between the basic psychological needs satisfaction and smartphone addiction. Loneliness-social anxiety also has significant chain mediating effect （indirect effect value was -0.034）， which accounted for 8.88%. ConclusionThe basic psychological needs satisfaction can not only directly affect the occurrence of smartphone addiction， but also indirectly affect the occurrence of smartphone addiction through the chain mediation of loneliness and social anxiety.

Loneliness and associated factors among adolescents with mixed anxiety and depressive disorder / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate loneliness and associated factors among adolescents with mixed anxiety and depressive disorder(MADD), and to provide reference for drawing up effective and targeted interventions.@*Methods@#Using convenience sampling method, 265 adolescents with MADD in Daqing Third Hospital were selected from September 2020 to June 2021. General information questionnaire, Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI), Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents(RSCA), Child and Adolescent Peer Relationship Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale were used to investigate the status and influencing factors of loneliness among adolescents with MADD.@*Results@#The average score of UCLA among 265 adolescents with MADD was (56.49±10.83). The results of univariate analysis showed that age, gender, burden of medical expenses, drinking behavior and parents migrant work had statistically significant differences in the UCLA scores. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that loneliness in MADD adolescents was negatively correlated with psychological resilience( F/t=57.65, -60.62, 21.92, 8.52, 16.22, P <0.01), and positively correlated with sleep quality and interpersonal distress( F/t=-0.69, 0.76, 0.50, P <0.01). The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that phase of study, sex, burden of medical expenses, interpersonal distress, sleep quality and resilience were the influencing factors of loneliness among adolescents with MADD( B=0.11, 0.13, 0.09, 0.46, 0.10,-0.24, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Adolescents with MADD have moderate loneliness, which needs to be improved. Nursing staff should pay attention to the negative emotional experience such as loneliness among adolescents with MADD, and reduce their loneliness by improving sleep quality and resilience, reducing interpersonal distress.

Quantas solidões habitam a corpa de uma travesti negra e gorda? / ¿cuántas soledades habitan la cuerpa de una travesti gorda y negra? / How many loneliness can live in a black and fat transvestite body?

Resumo Este artigo é resultado de uma cartografia de si a partir de minhas experivivências como travesti negra e gorda no processo de compreender as diversas formas de solidão que atravessam minha subjetividade, desde a solidão estética, pensada por meio da ausência de representatividade, à solidão afetiva, decorrente do esvaziamento das possibilidades relacionais, mediante uma perspectiva romântica e além. Neste sentido, objetivo analisar os efeitos da colonialidade na produção de solidões e violências em minhas experivivências, enquanto apresento o Afrotranscentramento como uma possibilidade de cura às feridas coloniais. Metodologicamente, a cartografia possibilita mergulhar de forma encarnada em minhas experivivências, desenhando um mapa das afecções que povoam em mim na relação com as solidões. As experivivências afrotranscentradas provocam a clínica psi a romper com o pacto narcísico da branquitude cisheteronormativa. Nesta medida, o afrotranscentramento é um ébo de cura à carga colonial da solidão.

Resumen Este artículo es resultado de una cartografía de mí misma a partir de mis experiencias como travesti negra y gorda en el proceso de comprensión de las diversas formas de soledad que atraviesan mi subjetividad, desde la soledad estética, pensada a través de la ausencia de representación, hasta la soledad afectiva, resultante del vaciado de posibilidades relacionales, por medio de una perspectiva romántica y más allá. En este sentido, pretendo analizar los efectos de la colonialidad en la producción de soledad y violencia en mis experiencias, al tiempo que presento la afrotranscentración como una posibilidad de sanar las heridas coloniales. Metodológicamente, la cartografía permite profundizar de manera corporeizada en mis vivencias, trazando un mapa de los afectos que me habitan en mi relación con la soledad. Las experiencias afrotrascéntricas provocan que la clínica psi rompa con el pacto narcisista de la blanquitud cisheteronormativa. En este sentido, la afrotrascentración es una cura para la carga colonial de la soledad.

Abstract This article is the result of a cartography of myself based on my experiences as a black and fat transvestite in the process of understanding the various forms of loneliness that cross my subjectivity, from aesthetic loneliness, thought through the absence of representation, to affective loneliness, resulting from the emptying of relational possibilities, through a romantic perspective and beyond. In this sense, I intend to analyze the effects of coloniality in the production of loneliness and violence in my experiences, while I present Afrotranscentration as a possibility of healing colonial wounds. Methodologically, cartography makes it possible to delve in an embodied way into my experiences, drawing a map of the affections that inhabit me in relation to loneliness. Afro-transcendent experiences provoke the psi clinic to break with the narcissistic pact of cisheteronormative whiteness. To this extent, Afrotranscentration is a cure for the colonial burden of loneliness.

Experiências da solidão no seio das violências conjugais. Alguns exemplos da literatura contemporânea / Experiences of loneliness within marital violence. Some examples from contemporary literature / Expériences de solitude dans la violence conjugale. Quelques exemples tirés de la littérature contemporaine / Experiencias de soledad dentro de la violencia conyugal. Algunos exemplos de la literatura contemporánea

O artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa mais ampla e tem como objetivo principal compreender algumas características da solidão no seio da violência conjugal, a partir de casos narrados em romances da literatura contemporânea. Trata-se de perceber as experiências de humilhação e desamparo das vítimas, em diferentes contextos sociais e não apenas entre casais heterossexuais. A metodologia empregada é a análise comparativa e qualitativa dos romances selecionados, focalizando principalmente duas grandes experiências emocionais, bastante frequentes nas narrativas: primeiramente o medo, que muitas vezes leva ao isolamento e à dificuldade de falar sobre o que se passa e de romper a relação; e, em segundo lugar, a esperança de que tudo pode mudar, ou de que a violência é apenas acidental e não irá se repetir.

The article is the result of broader research, and its main objective is to understand some characteristics of loneliness in the midst of marital violence based on cases narrated in novels of contemporary literature. It is about perceiving the experiences of humiliation and helplessness of the victims in different social contexts and not just among heterosexual couples. The methodology employed is the comparative and qualitative analysis of the selected novels, focusing mainly on two great emotional experiences, quite frequent in the narratives: firstly, fear, which often leads to isolation and the difficulty of talking about what is happening and breaking the relationship; and, secondly, the hope that everything can change, or that the violence is just accidental and will not be repeated.

L'article est le résultat d'une recherche plus large et son objectif principal est de comprendre certaines caractéristiques de la solitude au milieu de la violence conjugale, à partir de cas racontés dans des romans de la littérature contemporaine. Il s'agit de percevoir les expériences d'humiliation et d'impuissance des victimes, dans différents contextes sociaux et pas seulement parmi les couples hétérosexuels. La méthodologie employée est l'analyse comparative et qualitative des romans sélectionnés, en se concentrant principalement sur deux grandes expériences émotionnelles, assez fréquentes dans les récits: premièrement, la peur, qui conduit souvent à l'isolement et à la difficulté à parler de ce qui se passe et à rompre la relation; et, deuxièmement, l'espoir que tout peut changer, ou que la violence est juste accidentelle et ne se reproduira pas.

El artículo es resultado de una investigación más amplia y tiene como principal objetivo comprender algunas características de la soledad en medio de la violencia conyugal, a partir de casos narrados en novelas de la literatura contemporánea. Se trata de percibir las experiencias de humillación e impotencia de las víctimas, en diferentes contextos sociales y no sólo entre parejas heterosexuales. La metodología empleada es el análisis comparativo y cualitativo de las novelas seleccionadas, centrándose principalmente en dos grandes experiencias emocionales, bastante frecuentes en las narraciones: en primer lugar, el miedo, que conduce muchas veces al aislamiento y a la dificultad para hablar de lo que sucede y para romper la relación; y, en segundo lugar, la esperanza de que todo pueda cambiar, o que la violencia sea accidental y no se repita.

Impacto da solidão na qualidade de vida de universitários de Minas Gerais / The impact of solitude in the quality of life of college students in Minas Gerais / Impacto de la soledad en la calidad de vida de estudiantes universitarios de Minas Gerais

O ingresso na universidade é marcado por intensas transformações pessoais e pela necessidade de adaptação para um modelo de ensino mais autônomo. Esse cenário pode contribuir para o surgimento de sentimentos de solidão e impactar a qualidade de vida dos universitários. O presente estudo visou investigar as relações entre a solidão e a qualidade de vida em universitários de uma universidade pública do interior de Minas Gerais. Participaram da pesquisa 268 estudantes de graduação selecionados aleatoriamente. Como instrumentos, foram utilizados um questionário sociodemográfico e de hábitos de vida, o Medical Outcomes Study 36 - item Short Form (SF-36), e a Escala Brasileira de Solidão (UCLA-BR). Foram conduzidas análises descritivas e inferenciais (correlação, Kruskal-Wallis e regressão logística). O domínio da qualidade de vida com maior escore foi Capacidade Funcional e Vitalidade foi o menor. Referente à solidão, 60,82% da amostra apresentou nível mínimo. Houve associação significativa entre a solidão e seis domínios da qualidade de vida. A solidão dobrou a chance de pior qualidade de vida nos domínios: aspectos sociais (β = 2,66), limitação emocional (β = 2,18) e saúde mental (β = 2,61). Conclui-se que a solidão impacta negativamente a qualidade de vida dos universitários e que, por isso, são necessárias intervenções para essa população.(AU)

Enrollment in the university is marked by intense personal transformations and the need to adapt to a more autonomous teaching model. This scenario can contribute to the emergence of feelings of loneliness and impact the quality of life of college students. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between loneliness and quality of life in college students at a public university in the interior of the state of Minas Gerais. A total of 268 undergraduate students randomly select took part in the study. The instruments used were a sociodemographic and lifestyle questionnaire, the Medical Outcomes Study 36 - item Short Form (SF-36), and the Brazilian Loneliness Scale (UCLA-BR). Descriptive and inferential analyzes were conducted (correlation, Kruskal-Wallis, and logistic regression). The highest score in the quality of life's domain was Functional Capacity and the lowest was Vitality. Regarding loneliness, 60.82% of the sample had a minimum level. There was a significant association between loneliness and six quality of life domains. Loneliness doubled the chance of worse quality of life for the domains: social aspects (β = 2.66), emotional limitation (β = 2.18), and mental health (β = 2.61). In conclusion, loneliness negatively impacts the quality of life of university students and, therefore, interventions are required for this population.(AU)

El ingreso a la universidad está marcado por intensas transformaciones personales y la necesidad de adaptarse a un modelo de enseñanza más autónomo. Este escenario puede contribuir a la aparición de sentimientos de soledad e impactar la calidad de vida de los estudiantes universitarios. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las relaciones entre la soledad y la calidad de vida en los estudiantes universitarios de una universidad pública del interior de Minas Gerais (Brasil). En la investigación participaron 268 estudiantes universitarios seleccionados al azar. Los instrumentos que se utilizaron fueron cuestionario de hábitos sociodemográficos y de estilo de vida, el Medical Outcomes Study 36 -item Short Form (SF-36) y la Escala de soledad brasileña (UCLA-BR). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos e inferenciales (correlación, Kruskal-Wallis y regresión logística). El dominio de la calidad de vida con la puntuación más alta fue la capacidad funcional, y el de la vitalidad fue la más baja. En cuanto a la soledad, el 60,82% de la muestra presentó nivel mínimo. Hubo una asociación significativa entre la soledad y seis dominios de calidad de vida. La soledad duplicó la posibilidad de una peor calidad de vida para los dominios: aspectos sociales (β = 2,66), limitación emocional (β = 2,18) y salud mental (β = 2,61). Se concluye que la soledad afecta negativamente la calidad de vida de los estudiantes universitarios y, por lo tanto, está prohibida para esta población.(AU)

A solidão conectada: a experiência da depressão em um grupo fechado do Facebook / Connected loneliness: experiences of depression in a closed Facebook group / La soledad conectada: la experiencia de la depresión en un grupo cerrado de Facebook

Resumo A depressão, considerada uma doença grave e de alta prevalência, configura-se como problema de Saúde Pública em todas as regiões do mundo por ser a maior causa de incapacidade e por ter relações causais com as condições sociais estabelecidas em alguns países. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a experiência da depressão em um grupo virtual fechado do Facebook. Esta pesquisa, de natureza netnográfica, revelou os sentidos e particularidades de um grupo fechado do Facebook traduzidos por quem sofre de depressão. Como campo de investigação, possibilitou compreender a particularidade da experiência da depressão mediante debates coletivos entre os membros desse grupo por se sentirem com mais liberdade para falar de si e do outro.(AU)

Abstract Considered a serious and highly prevalent disease, depression is a worldwide public health problem, being related to social conditions in some countries and the leading cause of disability. The aim of this study was to investigate experiences of depression in a closed Facebook group. This netnographic study revealed the meanings and particularities of a closed Facebook group from the perspective of people suffering depression. The study allowed us to understand the particularities of the experience of depression from the collective discussions held between the group members, as they felt more free to talk about themselves and others.(AU)

Resumen La depresión, considerada una enfermedad grave y de alta prevalencia, se configura como un problema de Salud Pública en todas las regiones del mundo, por ser la mayor causa de incapacidad y por tener relaciones causales con las condiciones sociales establecidas en algunos países. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la experiencia de la depresión en un grupo virtual cerrado de Facebook. Esa investigación, de naturaleza netnográfica, reveló los sentidos y particularidades de un grupo cerrado de Facebook traducidos por quien sufre de depresión. Como campo de investigación, hizo posible comprender la particularidad de la experiencia de la depresión a partir de las discusiones colectivas entre los miembros de ese grupo, por sentirse con más libertad para hablar sobre sí mismos y sobre el otro.(AU)

Loneliness, spiritual well-being, and death perception, as well as their risk factors in urological cancer patients

Cancer patients commonly suffer from loneliness, poor spiritual status, and fear of death; however, these evaluations are rarely revealed in urological cancer patients. Thus, this study aimed to assess the loneliness, spiritual well-being, and death perception, as well as their risk factors in urological cancer patients. A total of 324 urological (including renal, bladder, and prostate) cancer patients and 100 healthy controls were included. The University of California and Los Angeles loneliness scale (UCLA-LS), functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-spiritual well-being (FACIT-Sp), and death attitude profile-revised (DAP-R) scores were evaluated. The results showed that the UCLA-LS score was higher, but the FACIT-Sp score was lower in urological cancer patients than in healthy controls. According to the DAP-R score, fear of death, death avoidance, and approaching death acceptance were elevated, but neutral acceptance was lower in urological cancer patients than in healthy controls. Among urological cancer patients, the UCLA-LS score was highest but the FACIT-Sp score was lowest in bladder cancer patients; regarding the DAP-R score, fear of death and death avoidance were highest, but approaching death acceptance was lowest in bladder cancer patients. Interestingly, single/divorced/widowed status, bladder cancer diagnosis, higher pathological grade, surgery, systemic treatment, and local treatment were independent factors for higher UCLA-LS score or lower FACIT-Sp score. In conclusion, urological cancer (especially bladder cancer) patients bear increased loneliness and reduced spiritual well-being; they also carry higher fear of death, death avoidance, and approaching death acceptance but lower neutral acceptance of death.

Solidão e sua associação com indicadores sociodemográficos e de saúde em adultos e idosos brasileiros: ELSI-Brasil / Loneliness and its association with sociodemographic and health indicators in Brazilian adults and older adults: ELSI-Brazil / La soledad y su asociación con indicadores sociodemográficos y de salud en adultos y ancianos brasileños: ELSI-Brasil

Resumo: O objetivo foi investigar a prevalência de solidão e suas associações com indicadores sociodemográficos e de saúde em amostra nacionalmente representativa de adultos e idosos brasileiros. Foram analisados dados da linha de base (2015-2016) do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brasil) e incluídos os participantes com informações completas nas variáveis de interesse (n = 7.957). Solidão foi a variável de desfecho, cuja medida baseou-se na pergunta "Com que frequência o(a) senhor(a) se sentiu sozinho(a) ou solitário(a): sempre, algumas vezes ou nunca?". As variáveis independentes compreenderam indicadores sociodemográficos e comportamentos e condições de saúde. As análises incluíram o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, para cálculo das frequências relativas, e a regressão de Poisson, para estimativa das razões de prevalência (RP) e respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). A prevalência de sempre sentir solidão foi de 16,8%; de algumas vezes, 31,7%; e de nunca, 51,5%. Foram observadas associações significativas entre sempre sentir solidão e depressão (RP = 4,49; IC95%: 3,93-5,11), morar só (RP = 2,44; IC95%: 2,12-2,82), baixa escolaridade (RP = 1,93; IC95%: 1,61-2,32), sexo feminino (RP = 1,53; IC95%: 1,36-1,72), autoavaliação de saúde ruim/muito ruim (RP = 1,48; IC95%: 1,27-1,73) e qualidade do sono ruim/muito ruim (RP = 1,21; IC95%: 1,05-1,41). Dado seu potencial de prejuízo à qualidade de vida, é necessário conhecer longitudinalmente as trajetórias da solidão e as variáveis associadas e usar esse conhecimento para o delineamento de políticas públicas e intervenções em saúde que poderão beneficiar o bem-estar biopsicossocial de adultos e idosos brasileiros.

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of loneliness and its associations with sociodemographic and health indicators in a nationally representative sample of Brazilian adults and older adults. Data from the baseline (2015-2016) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) were analyzed, and participants with complete information on the variables of interest (n = 7,957) were included. Loneliness was the outcome variable, which was based on the question "How often do you feel alone or lonely: always, sometimes, or never?" Independent variables included sociodemographic indicators and health behaviors and conditions. The analyses included the Pearson's chi-square test for calculating relative frequencies, and Poisson regression for estimating prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The prevalence of always feeling lonely was 16.8%; sometimes, 31.7%; and never, 51.5%. Significant associations were observed between always feeling lonely and depression (PR = 4.49; 95%CI: 3.93-5.11), living alone (PR = 2.44; 95%CI: 2.12-2.82), low education level (PR = 1.93; 95%CI: 1.61-2.32), being a woman (PR = 1.53; 95%CI: 1.36-1.72), self-rated poor/very poor health (PR = 1.48; 95%CI: 1.27-1.73), and poor/very poor sleep quality (PR = 1.21; 95%CI: 1.05-1.41). Given its potential to harm quality of life, it is necessary to longitudinally understand the trajectories of loneliness and associated variables, and to use this knowledge to design public policies and health interventions that could benefit the biopsychosocial well-being of Brazilian adults and older adults.

Resumen: El objetivo fue investigar la prevalencia de la soledad y sus asociaciones con indicadores sociodemográficos y de salud en una muestra nacionalmente representativa de adultos y ancianos brasileños. Se analizaron datos de la línea base (2015-2016) del Estudio Longitudinal de la Salud de los Ancianos Brasileños (ELSI-Brasil) y se incluyeron los participantes con información completa en las variables de interés (n = 7.957). La soledad fue la variable de desenlace, cuya medida se basó en la pregunta "¿Con qué frecuencia te sentiste solo(a) o solitario(a): siempre, a veces o nunca?". Las variables independientes incluyeron indicadores sociodemográficos y comportamientos y condiciones de salud. Los análisis incluyeron la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson para calcular las frecuencias relativas, y la regresión de Poisson, para estimar las razones de prevalencia (RP) y los respectivos intervalos de 95% de confianza (IC95%). La prevalencia de sentirse siempre solo fue de 16,8%; a veces, 31,7%; y nunca, 51,5%. Se observaron asociaciones significativas entre sentir siempre soledad y depresión (RP = 4,49; IC95%: 3,93-5,11), vivir solo (RP = 2,44; IC95%: 2,12-2,82), baja escolaridad (RP = 1,93; IC95%: 1,61-2,32), sexo femenino (RP = 1,53; IC95%: 1,36-1,72), autoevaluación de salud mala/muy mala (RP = 1,48; IC95%: 1,27-1,73) y calidad del sueño mala/muy mala (RP = 1,21; IC95%: 1,05-1,41). Dado su potencial para perjudicar la calidad de vida, es necesario conocer longitudinalmente las trayectorias de la soledad y las variables asociadas, y usar ese conocimiento para diseñar políticas públicas e intervenciones en salud que puedan beneficiar el bienestar biopsicosocial de adultos y ancianos brasileños.

The mediating effect of loneliness between social support and mobile social media dependence / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of loneliness between social support and mobile social media dependence.Methods:From May to June 2021, a survey was conducted on 559 college students selected from a cluster by mobile social media dependence questionnaire, multidimensional scale of perceived social support and loneliness scale.SPSS 21.0 statistical software and PROCESS v3.5 program were used to test the mediating effect.Results:The total score of college students' dependence on mobile social media was (3.27±0.56), the saliency score was (3.51±0.60), the social gain score was (3.02±0.69), the compulsive score was (3.33±0.74), the conflicting score was (3.35±0.68), and the withdrawal score was (3.13±0.72). The mediating effect test found that loneliness played a complete mediating effect between social support and mobile social media dependence.The Bootstrap 95% CI interval corrected for the deviation of the indirect effect was -0.176--0.090, which did not contain 0 value.Similarly, loneliness also played a complete mediating role between social support and social gain, compulsive, conflict and withdrawal. Conclusion:Social support can affect mobile social media dependence through loneliness.It is suggested to reduce excessive loneliness as much as possible by cultivating students' ability to establish and maintain social support system, so as to use mobile social media rationally.

Relationship between self-perceptions of aging and cognitive function in community elderly: the mediating and moderating effects of loneliness / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between self-perceptions of aging and cognitive function, and the mediating and moderating effect of loneliness among them.Methods:A multi-stage stratified sampling was conducted in Jinzhou from September to November 2021, and 318 community-based elderly were included.General data questionnaire, the brief ageing perceptions questionnaire (BAPQ), UCLA loneliness scale(UCLA-LS) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) were applied to all subjects.IBM SPSS 25.0 software was used to conduct independent sample t-test, analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis, and Bootstrap program of AMOS 22.0 was used to analyze the mediation effect.The model in SPSSAU on-line analysis program was used to test the moderating effect. Results:The average scores of self-perceptions of aging, loneliness and cognitive function were (44.85±12.48), (41.70±8.73) and (24.87±3.40) respectively.And 65 of 318 subjects had cognitive impairment, and the detection rate was 20.44%(65/318). Self-perceptions of aging, loneliness and cognitive function scores were significantly correlated between each other(all P<0.05). Self-perceptions of aging had a negative effect on cognitive function ( β=-0.467, P<0.01). Self-perceptions of aging had a positive effect on loneliness ( β=0.585, P<0.01). Loneliness had a negative effect on cognitive function ( β=-0.234, P<0.01). The indirect standardization effect of loneliness between self-perceptions of aging and cognitive function was -0.137, and the mediating effect accounted for 22.68% of the total effect.Loneliness played a moderating role between self-perceptions of aging and cognitive function ( β=-0.114, t=-2.26, P=0.025). Conclusion:Self-perceptions of aging and loneliness can predict the cognitive function in the elderly, and loneliness plays a mediating role between self-perceptions of aging and cognitive function.Early detection of negative senility emotion and loneliness of the elderly will play a positive role in preventing the occurrence of cognitive impairment.

Social support and parent-child relationship among adolescents and their influence on emotions / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo explore the association between social support， parent-child relationships， and depression， anxiety， and loneliness among adolescents， in order to provide a reference for improving mental health in youth. MethodsA total of 11，596 middle school students from two districts of Shanghai were investigated with the stratified random cluster sampling method. The Chinese version of Patient Health Questionnaire （PHQ-2-C）， Generalized Anxiety Disorder （GAD-7）， UCLA Loneliness Scale （ULS-6）， Perceived Social Support Scale and Parent-child Cohesion Questionnaire were used in the survey. Statistical inferences were made using t-test， ANOVA， and logistic regression analysis. ResultsGirls， non-graduates， students ranking in the top 25%， adolescents living with parents and with higher socioeconomic status had higher scores of social support and parent-child cohesion than boys， graduates， students ranking in the middle or in the bottom 25%， adolescents not living with parents and with lower socioeconomic status （P<0.05）. Adolescents' parent-child cohesion and social support were negatively correlated with all kinds of emotions. Parent-child cohesion was an associated factor of depression （OR=0.93， 95%CI：0.91‒0.94）， loneliness （OR=0.94， 95%CI：0.94‒0.95） and anxiety （ORmild=0.98， 95%CI： 0.98‒0.99； ORmoderate or severe=0.96， 95%CI： 0.95‒0.98）， but there were differences in the correlation between emotions and social support in different dimensions. ConclusionSocial support and parent-child relationship are significantly associated with depression， anxiety and loneliness in adolescent students. Paying more attention to youth with different characteristics， taking targeted measures to improve the level of social support and establishing a good family relationship are conducive to promoting the mental health of adolescents.

Soledad, ansiedad y depresión en la adopción del rol de cuidador familiar del paciente crónico / Loneliness, anxiety, and depression in adopting the family caregiver role of chronic patients / Solidão, ansiedade e depressão na adoção do papel de cuidador familiar do paciente crônico

Introducción: En dirección a la teoría de Meleis, durante la transición como cuidador familiar, subyacen condiciones que facilitan o limitan la adopción del rol, y pueden afectar la integridad de esta persona. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la depresión, ansiedad y soledad con la adopción del rol de cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica en Los Patios ­ Colombia durante el 2021. Materiales: Investigación cuantitativa analítica transversal que incluyó 120 pacientes y 120 cuidadores. Se aplicaron escalas de Soledad de University of California at Los Angeles; hospitalaria de ansiedad y depresión, y de adopción del Rol del cuidador a través de la plataforma Google Forms®; el análisis se realizó con el software SPSS versión 24, usando estadísticos de frecuencia, tendencia central y dispersión, así como bivariados tipo Pearson. Resultados: Se halla correlaciones significativas entre la edad del cuidador con la ansiedad (r=,230; p<0.05) y la depresión (r=,297; p<0.05); las horas que requiere a diario para su cuidado con la ansiedad (r=,255; p<0.05) y depresión del cuidador (r=,328; p<0.05). Conclusión: En un modelo de regresión lineal, se evidencia que la soledad y adopción del rol del cuidador actúan como predictoras de la ansiedad (p<0.05).

Introduction: In line with Meleis' theory, during the transition to a family caregiver, there are underlying conditions that facilitate or limit the adoption of the role and may affect the person's wholeness. Objective: To determine the relationship between depression, anxiety, loneliness, and the adoption of the role of family caregivers of people with chronic disease in Los Patios (Colombia) during 2021. Materials and Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional analytical research that included 120 patients and 120 caregivers. The UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) Loneliness Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the ROL scale were completed by the participants using Google Forms®. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 24; descriptive statistics such as frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion, and bivariate correlation coefficients like Pearson's were calculated. Results: Significant correlations were found between caregivers' age, anxiety (r = .230; p < 0.05), and depression (r = .297; p < 0.05); and between the hours required daily for caregiving and anxiety (r = .255; p < 0.05) and caregiver's depression (r = .328; p < 0.05). Conclusions: In a linear regression model, it was evident that loneliness and caregiver role adoption are predictors of anxiety (p < 0.05).

Introdução: Na direção da teoria de Meleis , durante a transição como cuidador familiar, existem condições subjacentes que facilitam ou limitam a adoção do papel, podendo afetar a integridade dessa pessoa. Objetivo : determinar a relação entre depressão, ansiedade e solidão com a adoção do papel de cuidador familiar de pessoas com doença crônica em Los Patios - Colômbia durante 2021. Materiais: Pesquisa quantitativa analítica transversal que incluiu 120 pacientes e 120 cuidadores. Escalas de solidão universitária foram aplicadas da Califórnia em Los Angeles ; ansiedade e depressão hospitalar, e adoção do papel do cuidador por meio da plataforma google Formulários® ; A análise foi realizada com o software SPSS versão 24, utilizando estatísticas de frequência, tendência central e dispersão, bem como bivariadas do tipo Pearson. Resultados: São encontradas correlações significativas entre a idade do cuidador com ansiedade (r=0,230; p<0,05) e depressão (r=0,297; p<0,05); as horas diárias necessárias para o cuidado com ansiedade do cuidador (r=0,255; p<0,05) e depressão (r=0,328; p<0,05). Conclusão: Em um modelo de regressão linear, fica evidente que a solidão e a adoção do papel de cuidador atuam como preditores de ansiedade (p<0,05).

Isolamento social e solidão em estudantes de enfermagem no contexto da pandemia Covid-19 / Social isolation and loneliness in nursing students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic / Aislamiento social y soledad entre estudiantes de enfermería en el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19

Objetivo: identificar a ocorrência de isolamento social e solidão e sua relação com fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde em graduandos de enfermagem no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo e correlacional, desenvolvido com 147 estudantes de enfermagem que responderam um formulário eletrônico, contendo Questionário de caracterização, Escala de Solidão da Universidade de Califórnia e Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse. Resultados: evidenciou-se a ocorrência de isolamento social percebido em 42,2% dos estudantes, e que, 8,8% dos estudantes apresentaram isolamento social conforme indicador rede de discussão, e 6,8% de acordo com o indicador de apoio social. Observou-se a solidão em 49,7% dos estudantes. Ambos foram associados com depressão, ansiedade e estresse, além de outras variáveis. Conclusão: identificou-se isolamento social e solidão e a relação destes com outras variáveis durante a pandemia de COVID-19, demandando intervenções por parte das instituições de ensino e dos formuladores de políticas de saúde.

Objective: to identify the occurrence of social isolation and loneliness and their relationship with sociodemographic and health factors in nursing undergraduates in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: in this cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study, 147 nursing students answered an electronic form comprising a characterization questionnaire, the University of California Loneliness Scale and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Results: perceived social isolation was found to occur in 42.2% of the students, and 8.8% experienced social isolation according to the discussion network indicator, and 6.8%, according to the social support indicator. Loneliness was observed in 49.7% of students. Both were associated with depression, anxiety and stress, and other variables. Conclusion: this study found isolation and loneliness and their relationship with other variables during the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring interventions by educational institutions and health policymakers.

Objetivo: identificar cómo ocurre el aislamiento social y la soledad y su relación con factores sociodemográficos y de salud en estudiantes de enfermería en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional, desarrollado junto a 147 estudiantes de enfermería que respondieron un formulario electrónico, que contenía un cuestionario de caracterización, la Escala de Soledad de la Universidad de California y la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés. Resultados: resaltó la incidencia de aislamiento social percibido en el 42,2% de los estudiantes, y que el 8,8% de los estudiantes presentó aislamiento social según el indicador de red de discusión, y el 6,8% según el indicador de apoyo social. La soledad se verificó en el 49,7% de los estudiantes. Ambos fueron asociados con depresión, ansiedad y estrés, además de otras variables. Conclusión: se identificaron el aislamiento social y la soledad y su relación con otras variables durante la pandemia de COVID-19, requiriendo intervenciones por parte de las instituciones de enseñanza y de los formuladores de políticas de salud.

Revisión Sistemática: Aromaterapia versus Meditación en ansiedad por temor a la soledad en personas mayores / Systematic Review: Aromatherapy versus Meditationin anxiety due to fear of loneliness in the elderly

El objetivo de este estudio es demostrar de forma retrospectiva que el uso de aromaterapia tendría un efecto significativamente mayor en la reducción de la ansiedad por temor a la soledad en comparación con la meditación. Metodología: El estudio actual corresponde a una revisión sistemática rápida de tipo descriptiva. Resultados: Se realizaron dos sintaxis, una para Aromaterapia y una para Meditación. A través de criterios de inclusión y exclusión se seleccionaron 10 artículos para análisis profundo, de los cuales 8 corresponden a Aromaterapia y 2 a Meditación, obteniéndose resultados significativos por parte de la aromaterapia para la reducción de la ansiedad en personas mayores. Conclusión: A través de la evidencia científica, se recomienda la terapia complementaria de aromaterapia por sobre la meditación en personas adultas mayores para la reducción de ansiedad por temor a la soledad, siempre y cuando la soledad como tal aún no esté presente como problemática[AU]

The aim of this study is to retrospectively demonstrate that aromatherapy has a significantly greater effect in reducing anxiety due to fear of loneliness compared to meditation. Methodology: The current study is a rapid descriptive systematic review. Results: Two syntaxes were performed for this study, one for aromatherapy and one for meditation. Through the exclusion criteria 10 articles were selected for depth analysis, which 8 correspond to aromatherapy and 2 for meditation, obtaining significant results from aromatherapy because of its reduction of anxiety in older people. Conclusion: Through scientific evidence, aromatherapy is recommended over meditation to reduce anxiety due to fear of loneliness as long as the loneliness is not a problem itself yet[AU]

O objectivo deste estudo é demonstrar retrospectivamente que o uso da aromaterapia teria um efeito significativamente maior na redução da ansiedade devido ao medo da solidão em comparação com a meditação. Metodologia: O estudo actual corresponde a uma rápida revisão sistemática descritiva. Resultados: Foram realizadas duas sintaxes, uma para Aromaterapia e outra para Meditação. Através de critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram seleccionados 10 artigos para análise aprofundada, dos quais 8 correspondem à Aromaterapia e 2 à Meditação, obtendo resultados significativos para a aromaterapia para a redução da ansiedade nas pessoas idosas. Conclusão: Através de provas científicas, a terapia complementar da aromaterapia é recomendada sobre a meditação em adultos idosos para a redução da ansiedade devido ao medo da solidão, desde que a solidão enquanto tal ainda não esteja presente como um problema[AU]